What is High Blood Sugar — Hyperglycemia?
High blood sugar, also called HYPERGLYCEMIA, is a condition wherein the level of glucose in your body’s blood goes above the normal range. This is a common problem of diabetic patients, though it may develop into serious health issues if not treated well.
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Understanding Hyperglycemia
According to the American Diabetes Association, the normal blood glucose target ranges are:
- The body’s homeostatic mechanism of blood sugar regulation restores the blood sugar level to about 4.4 to 6.1 mmol/L (79 to 110 mg/dL) before meals in healthy individuals. In nondiabetics, the level of blood glucose may temporarily rise after meals up to 7.8 mmol/L (140 mg/dL).
- For people with diabetes, it is 5.0 to 7.2 mmol/L (90 to 130 mg/dL) before meals and less than 10.0 mmol/L (180 mg/dL) after meals.
Conversion rate is 1.0 mmol/L equals 18 mg/dL.
Glucose units used for: International Standard is millimoles per liter (mmol/L), United States and Continental Europe is milligrams per decilitre (mg/dL).
Hyperglycemia is defined by a blood sugar level for diabetics which is higher than 7.2 mmol/L (130 mg/dL) before a meal or above 10.0 mmol/L (180 mg/dL) two hours after starting a meal. Common symptoms include:
- frequent urination
- increased thirst
- blurred vision
- fatigue
- headaches.
If left untreated, chronic hyperglycemia can result in complications such as (1) nerve damage, (2) cardiovascular disease, and (3) kidney problems.
More info about the Symptoms and Signs of High Blood Sugar is provided in this link.
Causes of High Blood Sugar
Several factors can cause high blood sugar levels:
- Diet — Consuming high amounts of sugary or carbohydrate-rich foods can spike blood glucose.
- Lack of Exercise — Physical inactivity can lead to elevated blood sugar as exercise helps regulate glucose levels.
- Stress — Both physical and emotional stress can increase blood sugar levels.
- Illness — Certain illnesses or infections can cause hyperglycemia.
- Medications — Some medications, especially corticosteroids, can raise blood glucose levels.
- Poor Management of Diabetes — Inadequate intake of insulin or oral diabetes medications/supplements can present with high blood sugar.
More info about the Primary Causes of High Blood Sugar is provided in this link.
Managing High Blood Sugar
Regulation of blood sugar levels is indeed an important concern in staying away from complications arising because of high blood sugar. Here are some tips on how to control high blood sugar:
- Monitoring Blood Sugar — That often times keeps you updated with necessary actions.
- Healthy Diet — Choose a diet that contains low glycemic index foods rich in fiber, lean protein, and healthy fats.
- Regular Exercise — Maintain regular exercises that lower and maintain blood glucose levels.
- Hydration — Water intake would help in excreting excess glucose through urine.
- Medication Adherence — You should be on your medications and supplements as instructed by your healthcare professional.
- Stress Management — You need to relax either with meditation, yoga, or deep breathing exercises.
When to Seek Medical Attention
If you experience severe symptoms of hyperglycemia, especially in combination such as the following:
- Extreme thirst
- Frequent urination
- Nausea
- Shortness of breath
Seek medical attention immediately!!!
These symptoms including fruity-smelling breath, nausea, vomiting, and confusion can indicate diabetic ketoacidosis (a potentially life-threatening condition that requires prompt treatment).
Take Away
Understanding hyperglycemia and its causes is the first step to effectively manage and prevent high blood sugar levels.
By adopting a (1) healthy lifestyle, (2) monitoring your blood sugar, and (3) religiously following your healthcare provider’s advice, you can effectively control your blood glucose and maintain your overall health.
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