Ancient Nalanda University
It was the world’s first international residential university, predating similar institutions in the West by more than 500 years and setting a timeless benchmark for academic excellence in the ancient world.
Nalanda Mahavihara, often referred to as the Old Nalanda University, stands as a testament to India’s ancient commitment to education and scholarship. Founded in the 5th century CE by Kumaragupta I of the Gupta Empire (Nalanda Vishwavidyalay ki sthapna kisne kiya?), this world-renowned institution became a hub for learning in diverse fields, including philosophy, medicine, astronomy, and mathematics.
The university was first brought to light in modern times by British archaeologist Alexander Cunningham, who conducted the initial excavations in the 19th century (Who first discovered the university of Nalanda?). His findings revealed the grandeur of the Nalanda Temple and the intricate layout of the campus, which had once housed thousands of students and teachers from across Asia.
Tragically, Nalanda’s illustrious journey came to a halt in the 12th century CE when it was destroyed by Bakhtiyar Khilji during his invasion of India (Who burnt Nalanda?). The university’s massive library, believed to have housed countless manuscripts and texts, burned for months, marking a significant loss to global heritage.
In recognition of its historical and cultural significance, UNESCO declared Nalanda Mahavihara a World Heritage Site in 2016 (When did UNESCO declare Nalanda as a World Heritage Site?). This prestigious status underscores its importance as a symbol of India’s rich educational heritage.
Today, the site attracts scholars, pilgrims, and tourists eager to explore its ancient ruins, including the remains of the great Nalanda Temple. These remnants offer a glimpse into the architectural and intellectual brilliance that once defined the institution. The modern-day Nalanda University, established in 2010, continues the legacy of this ancient seat of learning, bridging the past with the present and ensuring that Nalanda’s spirit endures.
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